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Mayes, S. D., & Calhoun, S. L. (2006).
Frequency of reading, math, and writing disabilities in children with clinical disorders.
Learning and Individual Differences, 16(2), 145–157.
DysgraphiaADHDCo-occurrence
Source of co-occurrence frequency data for reading, math, and writing disabilities across clinical disorders. Note: the ADHD–dysgraphia prevalence statistics (56–61%, 92%) are from Mayes et al. (2019) — see separate entry below.
Mayes, S. D., Breaux, R. P., Calhoun, S. L., & Frye, S. S. (2019).
High prevalence of dysgraphia in elementary through high school students with ADHD and autism.
Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(8), 787–796.
Source of 56–61% age-range dysgraphia prevalence figures and 92% graphomotor weakness statistic in students with ADHD/autism.
DysgraphiaADHD co-occurrenceGraphomotor
Mazzocco, M. M. M. (2007).
Challenges in identifying target skills for math disability screening and intervention: Lessons from the math wars.
Developmental Neuropsychology, 32(3), 929–954.
Dyscalculia
Paradis, J., Genesee, F., & Crago, M. (2011).
Dual Language Development and Disorders: A Handbook on Bilingualism and Second Language Learning (2nd ed.).
Brookes Publishing.
Language difference/disorderBilingual
Pater-Rov, M. (2025).
Are Texas diagnosticians guided to evidence-based practices in assessment? An analysis of state guidance documents.
Literature Reviews in Education and Human Services, 4(2), 41–54.
PSWSLD identificationTexas practice
Peña, E. D., Iglesias, A., & Lidz, C. S. (2001) / Peña, E. D., Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. F., Iglesias, A., Goldstein, B. A., & Bedore, L. M. (2014).
Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment (BESA) / Dynamic assessment of narrative ability in children.
Cited for dynamic assessment and bilingual narrative frameworks.
Language difference/disorderBilingual assessmentDynamic assessment
Raghubar, K. P., Barnes, M. A., & Hecht, S. A. (2010).
Working memory and mathematics: A review of developmental, individual difference, and cognitive approaches.
Learning and Individual Differences, 20(2), 110–122.
DyscalculiaWorking memory
Catts, H. W., Hogan, T. P., & Fey, M. E. (2006).
Subgrouping poor readers on the basis of individual differences in reading-related abilities.
Journal of Learning Disabilities, 36(2), 151–164.
DyslexiaReading comprehensionDifferential diagnosis
Hoover, W. A., & Gough, P. B. (1990).
The simple view of reading.
Reading and Writing, 2(2), 127–160.
DyslexiaReadingSimple View
Odegard, T. N., Ring, J., Smith, S., Biggan, J., & Black, J. (2020).
Differentiating the neural response to intervention in children with dyslexia.
Annals of Dyslexia, 70, 1–19.
⚠ Verify Confirm this is the correct Odegard et al. (2020) paper cited in dyslexia_reference — may reference a different publication from this author group.
DyslexiaIntervention
Tunmer, W. E., & Hoover, W. A. (2019).
The cognitive foundations of learning to read: A framework for preventing and remediating reading difficulties.
Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties, 24(1), 75–93.
DyslexiaReadingSimple View
Willcutt, E. G., & Pennington, B. F. (2000).
Comorbidity of reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Critical comments and meta-analysis.
Scientific Studies of Reading, 4(3), 243–264.
DyslexiaADHD co-occurrenceDifferential diagnosis
Wolf, M., & Bowers, P. G. (1999).
The double-deficit hypothesis for the developmental dyslexias.
Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(3), 415–438.
DyslexiaRANDouble-deficit
Shinn, M. R. (Ed.). (1998).
Advanced Applications of Curriculum-Based Measurement.
Guilford Press.
CBMData integration
Simmons, M., Shin, M., & Hart, S. (2024).
Dyslexia identification: Texas legislative trends in prevalence rate of students by school district locale.
Texas Education Review, 12(2).
DyslexiaTexas policyPrevalence
Ukrainetz, T. A., Harpell, S., Walsh, C., & Coyle, C. (2000).
A preliminary investigation of dynamic assessment with Native American kindergartners.
Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 31(2), 142–154.
Language difference/disorderDynamic assessment
VanDerHeyden, A. M., & Codding, R. S. (2020/2021).
The Science of Math.
Published resource on fluency-based math instruction and mastery measurement.
Science of MathCBM-MathDyscalculia
Wolf, M., & Bowers, P. G. (1999).
The double-deficit hypothesis for the developmental dyslexias.
Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(3), 415–438.
DyslexiaRapid naming
Wolf, B. J., & Berninger, V. W. (2018).
Cited for developmental writing stage model and transcription automaticity framework.
Specific work: see Berninger & Wolf (2009) below for primary attribution.
DysgraphiaWriting development
Berninger, V. W., & Wolf, B. J. (2009).
Teaching Students with Dyslexia and Dysgraphia: Lessons from Teaching and Science.
Paul H. Brookes Publishing.
DysgraphiaDyslexiaOrthographic processing
Ziviani, J., & Wallen, M. (2006).
The development of graphomotor skills.
In A. Henderson & C. Pehoski (Eds.), Hand Function in the Child: Foundations for Remediation (2nd ed., pp. 217–236). Mosby Elsevier.
DysgraphiaGraphomotor
Garcia-Prats, R. (2026, February).
Functional impact statements in FIE reports [Conference presentation].
Texas Educational Diagnosticians' Association (TEDA) Annual Conference, Austin, TX.
Impact statementsFIE writingDyslexiaDysgraphia
Schreuder, [First name pending]. (2026, February).
Dyscalculia identification: A five-domain framework [Conference presentation].
Texas Educational Diagnosticians' Association (TEDA) Annual Conference, Austin, TX.
Dyscalculia⚠ Emerging framework — not TEA-adopted
⚠ This framework is an emerging clinical tool. It is not a TEA-adopted standard. Use professional judgment. Texas does not have a separate eligibility category for dyscalculia.
Seaberry, A. (2025).
Dysgraphia identification and assessment: Graphomotor and orthographic pathways [Training / presentation].
ESC Region 11, Fort Worth, TX.
DysgraphiaGraphomotorOrthographic processing
Stanley, [First name pending]. (2026, February).
Language difference vs. language disorder in bilingual learners [Conference presentation].
Texas Educational Diagnosticians' Association (TEDA) Annual Conference, Austin, TX.
Language difference/disorderBilingualDLD
Schultz, E., & Stephens, T. L.
Core-Selective Evaluation Process (C-SEP) [Training framework and practice handbook].
First published in DiaLog (journal of the Texas Educational Diagnosticians' Association), 2015. Updated 2024 handbook available at csep.online.
C-SEPSLD identificationData integrationTexas-developed
Vielma, C. (2026, February).
Analysis of TEA SLD Guidance Document (January 2025) — MDT emphasis [Conference session].
Texas Educational Diagnosticians' Association (TEDA) Annual Conference, Austin, TX.
Data integrationTEA guidanceMDT
Texas Education Agency. (January 2025).
Guidance for the Comprehensive Evaluation of Specific Learning Disabilities.
Texas Education Agency, Austin, TX.
SLD identificationData integrationTexas policy
Texas Education Agency. (2024).
Dyslexia Handbook: Procedures Concerning Dyslexia and Related Disorders (2024 ed.).
Texas Education Agency, Austin, TX.
DyslexiaDysgraphiaTexas policy
Texas Administrative Code. (Current).
TAC §89.1040 — Eligibility Criteria.
19 TAC §89.1040. Texas Education Agency.
Texas lawSLD eligibility
Texas Legislature. (2023).
House Bill 3928 / HB 3928 FAQ (TEA, 2023) — Dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia terminology in evaluation and IEP documents.
88th Texas Legislative Session. TEA FAQ published 2023.
Texas lawDyslexiaDysgraphiaDyscalculia
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. (2004).
IDEA §614(b)(3)(A) — Evaluation procedures; §300.309 — Criteria for SLD identification.
20 U.S.C. §1414; 34 C.F.R. §300.309.
Federal lawSLD eligibilityEvaluation
Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS). (October 23, 2015).
Dear Colleague Letter: Use of the terms dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia in IDEA evaluation, eligibility, and IEP documents.
U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C.
Federal policyDyslexiaDysgraphiaDyscalculia
Lauren C. v. Lewisville Independent School District, No. 17-40796 (5th Cir. 2018).
5th Circuit case affirming IDEA's focus on whether a student is receiving FAPE, not on disability labels — relevant to dual eligibility determinations.
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
Case lawDual eligibilityFAPE
⚠ Cited as paraphrase of holding. Verify exact wording against slip opinion before quoting directly.
National Mathematics Advisory Panel. (2008).
Foundations for Success: The Final Report of the National Mathematics Advisory Panel.
U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C.
Science of MathMath instruction
Dehn, M. J. (2014).
Essentials of Processing Assessment (2nd ed.).
Wiley.
PSWWorking memorySLD identification
Dehn, M. J. (2008).
Working Memory and Academic Learning: Assessment and Intervention.
Wiley.
PSWWorking memory
Flanagan, D. P., Ortiz, S. O., & Alfonso, V. C. (2013).
Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment (3rd ed.).
Wiley.
XBACHCSLD identification
Kilpatrick, D. A. (2015).
Essentials of Assessing, Preventing, and Overcoming Reading Difficulties.
Wiley.
DyslexiaPhonological awarenessOrthographic mapping
Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2020).
Overcoming Dyslexia (2nd ed.).
Knopf.
Dyslexia